Sorry for being so formal, but just so that you know you know something classical.īy definition, the change in entropy can be evaluated by measuring the amount of energy transferred. This statement is one of the acceptable statement of second law of thermodynamics. Thus, the driving force for a spontaneous process in an isolated system is an increase in entropy. Such a change is called a spontaneous process. Nature has a tendency for entropy S to increase, and the system changes in response to this tendency. If the change takes place quickly in an irreversible manner, the entropy is greater than what is evaluated, because the temperature increase is not uniform. However, the changes are supposedly take place slowly over a long period of time, or in an almost equilibrium or reversible condition. You have learned the concept of integration in a calculus course.Įntropy is a state function in that it depends only on the initial and final state of the system, regardless of the path by which the changes take place. This sum can take the form of integration if the temperature various contineously. If the process takes place over a range of temperature, the quantity can be evaluated by adding bits of entropies at various temperatures. Thus, entropy has the units of energy unit per Kelvin, J K -1. When a system receives an amount of energy q at a constant temperature, T, the entropy increase D S is defined by the following equation.Įntropy is the amount of energy transferred divided by the temperature at which the process takes place. Entropy is related to the energy distribution of energy states of a collection of molecules, and this aspect is usually discussed in statistical mechanics. Traditionally, the entropy concept is associated with the second and third laws of thermodynamics. These changes cause an increase in entropy for the system under consideration, but energy is not transferred into or out of the system. A different concept is required to explain spontaneous changes such as the expansion of a gas into an abailable empty space (vacumm) and heat transfer from a hot body into a cold body. Human experienced chemical and physical changes that cannot be explained by energy alone. This concept was developed over a long period of time. Entropy, symbol S, is related to energy, but it a different aspect of energy. We have define energy as the driving force for changes, entropy is also a driving force for physical and chemical changes (reactions). We confine our discussion to thermodynamics (science dealing with heat and changes) and to chemical and physical processes. The word entropy is used in many other places and for many other aspects. You are not alone if you have some difficulty with this concept. Thus, few people understand what entropy really is. The standard entropy of reaction helps determine whether the reaction will take place spontaneously.\)Įntropy is a chemical concept that is very difficult to explain, because a one-sentence definition will not lead to a comprehensive statement. ΔS° rxn = S o(products) - S o (reactants) Chemical equations make use of the standard molar entropy of reactants and products to find the standard entropy of reaction: The heat capacity of the gas from the boiling point to room temperature.Ĭhanges in entropy are associated with phase transitions and chemical reactions.The latent heat of vaporization of the liquid.The heat capacity of the liquid from the melting point to the boiling point.The latent heat of fusion of the solid.The heat capacity of one mole of the solid from 0 K to the melting point (including heat absorbed in any changes between different crystal structures).The standard molar entropy of a gas at STP includes contributions from: The total molar entropy is the sum of many small changes in molar entropy, where each small change can be considered a reversible process. Here, dq k/T represents a very small exchange of heat energy at temperature T. If a mole of substance were at 0 K, then warmed by its surroundings to 298 K, its total molar entropy would be the addition of all N individual contributions:
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What follows is a simplified explanation that hopefully dispels some of the confusion. Understanding how the rules differ and when they apply is troubling for many more. That such motions are even possible is surprising to some. One group of rules that invariably comes up in every dispute are those pertaining to motions seeking to have a case dismissed before trial. Lawyers have books filled with the rules and explanations, but even with that help, the myriad rules governing litigation are not always easy to understand. Individual judges may also have their own particular rules and procedures. Within those different courts, there are different rules for certain types of disputes and proceedings. There are different rules in the federal and state courts. When I have a client who is inexperienced with litigation a lot of questions come up about court rules and procedures. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. To remove Bonzi Buddy from your computer, perform the following steps: Remove Bonzi Buddy manually from your Windows installed programs Reset your browser Use an anti-malware program Clean your Windows Registry The computer program appears as a helper that can interact with the user, from telling jokes and asking questions to doing searches and helping with files.īonziBUDDY, sometimes spelled Bonzi Buddy, Bonzibuddy, BonziBuddy, or BONZIBuddy, (misspelled Bonzai Buddy) was an on-screen “intelligent software agent” on Microsoft Windows from BONZI or Bonzi Software that was generally reported as malware, released in 1999 and discontinued in 2004 with only around seven versions ever released. What does Bonzi Buddy do to your computer?īonzi Buddy is the mascot character of a computer program of the same name. Does Bonzi Buddy have viruses?īonzi Buddy is a malware that infects the PC it also has a keylogger injector and finally automatically deletes system 32. The virus performs three checks before infecting a file. In some cases the virus damages a file while trying to infect it. Although the virus is will not infect files protected with the Read-only attribute, it will infect hidden and system files. The virus places its code in the end of contaminated files. All rights not specifically granted in this EULA are reserved by Bonzi Software and its suppliers. Hackers can also use viruses to access your personal information to steal or destroy your data.īonzi Software or its suppliers own all title and interest, including all copyrights, in and to the Software and all copies thereof. What happens when you download a virus?Ī virus can damage programs, delete files and reformat or erase your hard drive, which results in reduced performance or even crashing your system entirely. Instead, it moves the whole master boot record to the hard disk’s third sector, and replaces it with its own code. The virus spread quickly to USA, Australia, and the UK and is now one of the most common boot sector viruses. The Monkey virus was first discovered in Edmonton, Canada, in the year 1991. Go to Start > Programs > BonziBUDDY > Uninstall BonziBUDDY and allow the uninstall program to complete.Now click on Start > Programs > BonziBUDDY > Uninstall BonziBUDDY Bargain Hunting Tool and allow the uninstall program to finish.First you need to close the Bonzi Buddy Program.However, we still recommend using a virtual machine to keep him contained if you really think that intentionally downloading animated malware is a good use of your time. Since the servers that ran ads and tracked data have long since been shut off, BonziBuddy shouldn’t be much of a threat anymore. BonziBUDDYīonziBUDDY promotional logo previously at īonziBuddy was discontinued in 2004 after the company behind it faced lawsuits regarding the software and was ordered to pay fines. 6 What does Bonzi Buddy do to your computer?īonziBuddy received wide recognition as malware, predominantly as a piece of adware, though claims of spyware capabilities have been made against it….4 What happens when you download a virus?.We will not be held responsible for any errors or omissions in the information provided on this website. We recommend that our readers verify all information before making decisions or taking action based on these articles or translations. We cannot guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or relevance of these translations and we disclaim all liability for any loss or damage caused by their use. In addition, the translations provided on this website may not be accurate or complete. The information contained in these articles is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered professional or legal advice. The articles published on this website have been written by external authors and do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the group. Source and Copyright images and texts: Juan Lopez - La Repúblicaĭisclaimer for Articles and Translations: z and Z Adjust subtitle delay by +/- 0.1 seconds. j and J Cycle through the available subtitles. O Toggle OSD states between normal and playback time/duration. o and P Show progression bar, elapsed time and total duration on the OSD. w and W Decrease/increase pan-and-scan range. # Cycle through the available audio tracks. _ Cycle through the available video tracks. Later will resume at the old playback position if possible. Q Like q, but store the current playback position. Play one frame in reverse and then go into pause mode again. Pressing once will pause, every consecutive press will Play one frame and then go into pause mode again. p and SPACE Pause (pressing again unpauses). Use this to seek around in the file and then return to the exact position This will then be used by Shift+BACKSPACEĪs revert position (once you seek back, the marker will be reset). Shift+Ctrl+BACKSPACE Mark the current position. Hitting it a second time will go back to the original position. This works only if the playlist entry was not changed. BACKSPACE Reset playback speed to normal. Decrease/increase current playback speed by 10%. This is especially useful to sync subtitles to audio. Ctrl+Shift+LEFT and Ctrl+Shift+RIGHT Adjust subtitle delay so that the next or previous subtitle is displayed Might not always work see sub-seek command. Ctrl+LEFT and Ctrl+RIGHT Seek to the previous/next subtitle. Shift+arrow does a 5 second exact seek (see UP and DOWN Seek forward/backward 1 minute. Keyboard Control LEFT and RIGHT Seek backward/forward 5 seconds. Sad thing is that all these interfaces are a little bit older, and even within M-Audio’s legacy drivers section they don’t seem to offer any last published driver for download. The first USB one, or the Pro, or the Ultimate? Which exact M-Audio Fast Track model are you using? To turn off automatic updates for macOS, please do the following:ġ) Navigate to System Preferences > Software UpdateĢ) Uncheck the box next to Automatically keep my Mac up to date.Hi to the forum! While I suppose your Windows 10 installation is 64-bit (?): To avoid any delays or downtime, it's best to be deliberate with the decision to update and use the opportunity to check that all your software and hardware tools will be compatible before making the jump. Automatic updates will not account for software compatibility before updating which could lead to problems with stability and other functionality if your gear is not ready for the changes in the operating system. While this can be a useful feature for some, anyone that relies on the stability of their software and hardware tools should prefer control over which base operating system is installed on their system. Please be sure to check that your operating system is not enabled to update itself automatically. How do I prevent my system from updating automatically? Browser-based tutorial software such as Melodics, Skoove, and TakeLessons are not affected. We've listed a few key titles below for your convenience. Please check with the developers for your preferred software titles for the latest in macOS 13 Ventura compatibility before choosing to update. It is crucial that you confirm software compatibility before choosing to update your system. Our products may be considered "supported" for an operating system, but will not be functional until software support is also available. Many of our products are dependent on software for all functionality and control while the device is connected to a computer. If you do not see your product's firmware updater listed below, the updater software is not considered supported with macOS 13 Ventura and Apple Silicon Processors. Please refer to any release notes and update instructions included in the download prior to installing the software and updating your device firmware. Firmware updates are only necessary for single-use updates to your product. The following firmware update software is confirmed compatible with macOS 13 Ventura. If you do not see your product's software editor listed below, it is not considered supported with macOS 13 Ventura and Apple Silicon Processors. Please refer to the table below for the latest versions of each software preset editor supported for use on macOS 13 Ventura. M-Audio recommends installing any available software preset editors for your products in order to edit functionality that may be available directly on the product itself. MacOS 13 Ventura Software Support Software Editors *Firmware Updater software, Editors, and other utility software are not supported. Hardware support confirms testing passed for USB connection, as well as audio and/or MIDI communication.Īny product not listed below is not considered to be supported with macOS 13 Ventura systems or Apple Silicon Processors. How do I prevent my system from updating automatically?Īll compatibility testing for macOS Monterey is performed on Intel and base-level Apple Silicon processors. We encourage all our users to remain on their current OS until all necessary hardware and software products have been qualified for support. This page will be updated regularly to reflect any updates to product compatibility as testing is completed. Please refer to this article for all M-Audio hardware and software compatibility with macOS 13 Ventura.įor this reason, we encourage all our dedicated M-Audio hardware and software owners to refrain from updating to macOS 13 Ventura until compatibility with the new operating system can be confirmed. We understand how important it is for all our users to know exactly what works before they make the jump on any new updates. M-Audio has been actively testing all applicable hardware and software products with each beta release of macOS 13 Ventura. Modified on: Tue, 24 Oct, 2023 at 1:24 PM Solution home M-Audio Support M-Audio | Compatibility M-Audio | macOS 13 Ventura Compatibility Multnomah County Inverness Jail has a phone program where inmates make outbound calls only, you cannot call into jail. This will minimize the amount of time you spend in jail waiting to get into the program. If you want to get into the work release program then apply prior to being sentenced to jail. Most programs require your employer to fill out some paperwork. There are a number of requirements to be able to get into the work-release program. At the end of the day, you return to jail for the night. Work release is when you are released from jail during the day so that you can go to work. Violent and out of control inmates are segregated. While in intake they are under heightened observation. When an inmate arrives in jail they are put together in a large holding cell with other inmates in the intake. The trustees are paid a very small amount for their time and some jail gives the trustees a few days off their sentence in exchange for their work. Trustees are inmates who work in the jail as cooks, as orderlies for the staff, in the laundry or in the commissary. If there is no release, the inmate must wait here at the jail for their court appearance as a guest of the County, getting a bed and three square meals. Some are released after putting up bail, are released to a pretrial services caseload, are placed under supervision by a probation agency, or are released on their own recognizance with an agreement to appear in court. There are new detainees delivered to the jail daily, you can see arrest recordshere. Multnomah County accepts inmates from surrounding towns, municipalities, the US Marshal's Service and the Portland Police Department who do not have their own long-term lock-up. Most of the sentenced inmates are here for less than two years. This county jail is operated locally by the Multnomah County Sheriff's Office and holds inmates awaiting trial or sentencing. The Multnomah County Inverness Jail is a medium-security detention center located at 11540 NE Inverness Dr in Portland, OR. McCraw-Hester’s trial is currently scheduled to start in September 2019.Multnomah County Inverness Jail basic information to help guide you through what you can do for your inmate while they are incarcerated. Matthew Hester faces one count of solicitation to commit murder, two counts of criminal conspiracy to commit murder, and one count of hindering prosecution. Police said she was stabbed multiple times. The Oregon State Medical Examiner determined she died of homicidal violence. The investigation began on Jwhen Gresham Police and the East County Major Crimes Team responded to a home in the 100 block of Southwest Eastman Parkway and found Anastasia Hester dead at the scene. Prosecutors say Matthew Hester intentionally hindered Angela McCraw-Hester’s prosecution by concealing, altering, or destroying physical evidence that could be used against her. McCraw-Hester was arrested in 2017 and is currently awaiting trial on charges of aggravated murder. Matthew Hester, 36, is accused of conspiring with his wife, Angela McCraw-Hester, to murder his ex-wife, Annastasia Hester in 2016. – The man arrested in connection with the murder of a Gresham woman was arraigned on a four-count indictment in Multnomah County Court Wednesday. Each train station set its own clock making it difficult to coordinate train schedules and confusing passengers. American railroads maintained many different time zones during the late 1800s. The use of local solar time became increasingly awkward as railways and telecommunications improved. Noon occurred at different times but time differences between distant locations were barely noticeable prior to the 19th century because of long travel times and the lack of long-distance instant communications prior to the development of the telegraph. See also: Standard time in the United Statesīefore the adoption of four standard time zones for the continental United States, many towns and cities set their clocks to noon when the sun passed their local meridian, pre-corrected for the equation of time on the date of observation, to form local mean solar time. History Rand McNally Standard Map of the United States, 1921, showing boundaries different from today It is the combination of the time zone and daylight saving rules, along with the timekeeping services, which determines the legal civil time for any U.S. The clocks run by these services are kept synchronized with each other as well as with those of other international timekeeping organizations. Official and highly precise timekeeping services (clocks) are provided by two federal agencies: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (an agency of the Department of Commerce) and the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation, but no single map of those existed until the agency announced intentions to make one in September 2022. In the United States, time is divided into nine standard time zones covering the states, territories and other US possessions, with most of the country observing daylight saving time (DST) for approximately the spring, summer, and fall months. 10,1 (marble production/space) divided with 7,2 (silks production/space) is: 1,4. Prod.: 262 silk/3h, which cost 5520 coins and 552 tools.īut. Silk (lvl 9, 279% production boost from relics) So production/space for marble is: 118/11,67= ca 10,1 TotalSpace(TS) required: 6+0,64+3,66+1,36= 11,67 squares (note, im not displaying the whole numbers with all decimals here since they would take up too much space, but I do use all decimals in the calculations.) ProductionCostSpace(PCS): 62/90,85= 0,68, and we double that to account for the coins. Production: 118 marble/3h, which cost 620 coins and 62 tools. Marble (lvl8, 279% production boost from relics) So the production per square is then: 2484/27,34=90,85 prod(3h)/square.įinally after explaining all that we will get to compare the different manufactories! I want to look at the productions per 3 hours since we will compare it with the goods manufactories later. The workshop in this example produces 828 tools/h making it 2484 tools/3h. In other words a whopping 27,34 squares is needed to maintain a lvl 15 workshop (with battle monuments and lvl 15 residences).īut we’re not done yet with workshops, we need to calculate the space needed to produce the tools. The size for a lvl 15 workshop is 12 squares, + culturespace which is 169/57,5=2,94, +populationspace which is 471/37,98=27,34. In my example I will be using a lvl 15 workshop with 100% culture bonus producing only bread. Now, toolspace is going to be very individual, it depends on what kind of goods you are making in the workshop, your culture bonus and the level on the workshop. I was not sure how to calculate the space needed to produce the coins since you get it from helping your neighbors as well as residences… so I decided to make it the same as the space needed for tools. Last is the space needed to produce the tools and coins needed for the goods. giving it 560/12=46,67 pop/square, but that’s not accounting the culture space it takes up, since it takes up 158 culture we have to add this as well. A lvl 15 residence takes up 12 squares and gives 560 pop. Population is gained from residences and I’ll be using lvl 15 residences in this post, which is the highest level pre dwarven buildings. So culture space varies depending on what kind of culture buildings you’re using, in these calculations I’ll be using the Battle Monument that gives 690/12=57,5 culture/square. This means a building requiring for example 400 culture takes up 4 squares culture space. Let’s say there was a culture building giving 800 culture and taking up 8 squares, then it would give 80 culture/square. Let’s start by looking at culture, depending of what culture buildings you’re going to have more or less effective culture space. A lvl 8 MM takes up 2x3=6 squares right? Yes, but there's more to it than that, it needs culture, which takes up space, population which also takes up space and the tools that you use to produce the resources comes from workshops who also takes up space. It is probably not the whole truth, but I think it's close to it. How much space these manufactories takes up in your village. So how do we compare these goods? The answer is: space. All my manufactories are maxed at the advanced level, which for Marble Manufactories (MM) is lvl 8, for Silk manufactories (SM) lvl 9 and last but not least Gem Manufactories (GM) lvl 8. I made sure to compare their values when they are on the same boost-% which for me is 279%. My production boosts are: Marble, Silk and Gems. I'm going to tackle this problem from the point in the game where I'm currently in, which is the early midgame with the human race. It’s going to be quite a long post and plenty of spelling errors but try to bear with me! Could really 100 gems be as valuable as 1600 marble? There are of course many factors that set the value of these materials, and I have done my best to look at some of them. Right now 1 elixir/magic dust/gem is valuated as 4 silk/crystal/scrolls and 16 marble/planks/steel. I've been thinking about this question for a while now and finally I decided to do some calculating to see how accurate these ratios are. |
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